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Abstract Background To understand the current situation of health promotion behavior and quality of life among aortic dissection survivors and the correlation between them. Methods Sociodemographic characteristics were collected. T-test and variance analysis were applied for univariate analysis. Quality of life was measured using the SF-36 Questionnaire, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using the aortic dissection health promotion behavior questionnaire. The association between type B aortic dissection survivors’ health promotion behavior and health status questionnaire (SF-36) scores was determined through Pearson’s correlation coefficients. This association was analyzed through multivariable regression analysis. Results A total of 131 type B aortic dissection survivors were evaluated through the self-developed aortic dissection patient health promotion behavior scale and health status questionnaire (SF-36). Results showed that the health promotion behavior of Stanford B aortic dissection survivors (85.05 ± 11.28) correlated with their Mental Component Summary (MCS) (55.23 ± 30.72; r = 0.359, P < 0.01). The model showed 39.00% variance shared between behavior motivation and MCS (R 2 = 0.390, F = 13.189, P < 0.01). Conclusion Type B aortic dissection survivors in Zunyi, China had a lower quality of life. Medical staff can formulate intervention measures from behavioral motivation to improve the quality of life of aortic dissection survivors.