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Significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms and simulations of ice-induced shock vibrations due to continuous experimentation and simulation of vibrations induced by ocean platforms. However, the threat of such vibrations to bridges in cold regions with spring rivers remains significant. Currently, challenges persist in the numerical analysis methods applied to vibrations caused by collisions between ice and bridges in river channels. This difficulty primarily arises from the insufficient consideration of the impact of flow field coupling on ice-induced shock vibrations under various simulation conditions. This paper aims to analyze the influence of ice-induced shock vibrations arising from collisions involving bridges, ice, water, and air. It also compares the Semi-Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (S-ALE) and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods, finding that the S-ALE method is better suited for complex flow-solid coupling analysis under the same model. Comparative analysis shows that the fluid effect period increased by approximately 30%, resulting in an 8% reduction in peak values. This confirms the applicability of the ice-induced shock vibration theory and demonstrates that factors such as velocity and thickness significantly impact these vibrations. The findings offer valuable insights for the numerical simulation of river ice-induced shock vibrations due to bridge-ice collisions in cold areas.