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Biogenic methods are an effective alternative to chemical methods in the preparation of nanoparticles. Our study used <i>Crocus caspius</i> extract to synthesize gold nanoparticles (CC-AuNPs) in a green manner. The eco-friendly synthesis of AuNPs was conducted by optimizing the temperature and concentration of HAuCl₄ and extract. Synthesized CC-AuNPs were characterized using TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The prepared CC-AuNPs were detected with a size of around 22.66 ± 1.67 nm. The FT-IR analysis of the biomolecules involved in synthesizing CC-AuNPs was performed. Additionally, these biomolecules capped on the AuNPs were revealed by TG/DTA analysis. The EDX study demonstrated the existence of elemental gold. The biosynthesized CC-AuNPs were effectively applied as green catalysts to reduce three organic pollutant dyes—methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and 4-nitrophenol. In the biological evaluations, the free radical scavenging activity of the eco-friendly CC-AuNPs (DPPH assay) indicated an IC₅₀ value of 29.22 ± 0.47 µg/mL. They displayed effective antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains. Their anticancer activity against AGS and MCF-7 cells showed IC₅₀ concentrations at 48.2 µg/mL and 51.76 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, CC-AuNPs presented excellent antileishmanial activity (IC₅₀ = 13.92 µg/mL). Therefore, the green AuNPs are efficient in biomedicine and nanobiotechnology.