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In order to adapt to the psychological needs of miners’ self-realization, clarify the impact of miners’ sense of trust on safety performance, and improve miners’ safety performance, based on the self-evaluation mechanism and social exchange theory, a chain intermediary model of miners’ trust, relationship identity, job satisfaction and safety performance is constructed. The valid data of 268 front-line miners were collected through questionnaires, and the SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 7.5 software were used for empirical analysis and verification. The results show that miners’ sense of trust is significantly positively correlated with safety performance, relationship recognition and job satisfaction. There was also a significant positive correlation between safety performance and relationship recognition and job satisfaction. Relationship identity and job satisfaction not only play an independent mediating role, but also have a chain mediation effect.