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Adapted Physical Activity (APA) is the area focused on providing services to persons with special needs (e. g. disabilities) and the academic discipline, which supports acceptance of individual differences and promotes provision of services and integration of persons with disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity includes among others physical education, sport, recreation and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. The aim of this presentation is to describe basic historical and conceptual position of APA in kinanthropology in Europe, world and the Czech Republic. The article serves as an introduction to the special issue of this journal about APA and outcomes of project projektu EUSAPA (European Standards in Physical Activities). The project EUSAPA aimed to define professional standards in three areas of APA: (a) Adapted physical education; (b) APA in rehabilitation and (c) APA in sports.