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The morphological structure and properties of a natural bamboo shell fiber are analyzed. The fiber has a slight natural convolution morphological structure with a rough surface, and its cross-section has irregular zigzag shape with a hole in the middle, which shows the typical structure of cellulose fiber. The crystalline degree of the fiber is about 68.2%, which is higher than that of the cotton. The bamboo shell fiber has good moisture absorption and desorption properties, and it begins to degrade at about 345℃, and there is a large mass loss in the range from 410℃ to 470℃.