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Crescent glomerulonephritis (CreGN) is the most dangerous glomerulonephritis and always leads to end stage renal disease (ESRD). The immunological mechanism plays an important role in its pathogenesis and prognosis. Recently, the role of the gut and intestinal microbiota in a variety of kidney diseases including CreGN has been disclosed. The “gut-kidney axis” will directly affect the immune response in the kidney and subsequent pathophysiology through the intestinal microbiota and gut-derived immune cells.