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<i>Hydnum</i> (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales), one of the edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, is of considerable ecological and economic importance. Although previous studies have focused on the genus in China, the diversity still remains incompletely understood. In the present study, in addition to the known species from China being reviewed, six phylogenetic species from the country were described/redescribed, which included a new species: <i>H. erectum</i>, and five known taxa: <i>H. cremeoalbum</i>, <i>H. minus</i>, <i>H. orientalbidum</i>, <i>H. tenuistipitum</i>, and <i>H. treui</i>; <i>H. treui</i> is new to China. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microstructures of them are presented. A key to the accepted species of <i>Hydnum</i> in China is also provided.