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Anaphylaxis is an acute presentation of systemic allergic reactions which may lead to death without improper diagnosis and treatment. Children are the high-risk population of anaphylaxis, and the incidence of anaphylaxis tends to increase. However, at present, it remains undernoticed, underdiagnosed and undertreated in China. This article reviews the mechanism of anaphylaxis and the diagnosis and treatment trilogy of early identification, correct treatment and scientific management for children with anaphylaxis, aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment level and enhance clinical prognosis of pediatric anaphylaxis.