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J Chase McNeil Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USACorrespondence: J Chase McNeilDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USAEmail Jm140109@bcm.tmc.eduAbstract: Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is a common invasive infection encountered in the pediatric population. In addition to the acute illness, AHO has the potential to create long-term morbidity and functional limitations. While a number of pathogens may cause AHO, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism identified. Despite the frequency of this illness, little high-quality data exist to guide providers in the care of these patients. The literature is reviewed regarding the epidemiology, microbiology and management of AHO in children. A framework for empiric therapy is provided drawing from the available literature and published guidelines.Keywords: osteomyelitis, pediatrics, Staphylococcus aureus, oral antibiotics