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In this paper, the history of flax breeding, the types, research methods, occurrence, and genetic mechanism of apomixis were reviewed. The development and genetic mechanism of apomixis in polyembryonic flax, the progress in inducing methods and other aspects was discussed by cytology, embryology, genetics, and molecular biology, etc., methods in this paper. The purpose of this study was to reveal the rules of apomixis and to improve the utilization efficiency of apomixis in breeding. The problems existing in apomixis breeding of polyembryonic flax and the research direction of apomixis of flax were put forward.