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We compared the species composition of seedlings germinated on ten recently abandoned <i>Formica polyctena</i> nests with the plant species on active nests and the plant species composition of the forest floor around the nests. Compared to no plants at all, when the nests were inhabited, seedlings of 12 different vascular plant species germinated on the nests after their abandonment. Four of them were myrmecochorous, of which two occurred only on the nests. After abandonment, ant activity ceases, the water content of the nests increases, and decomposition of the organic nest material is accelerated, resulting in faster nutrient mineralization. Consequently, more nutrients are available for plants. Our results suggest that abandoned nests can serve as “regeneration niches”, ensuring genetic diversity, especially in plant populations which rely mainly on vegetative propagation. However, more research on a larger scale is needed to assess the role of wood ants and their abandoned nests in forest vegetation development.