Dalfampridine: Review on its recent development for symptomatic improvement in patients with multiple sclerosis

oleh: Manav Malhotra, Pankaj Ghai, Balasubramanian Narasimhan, Aakash Deep

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: Elsevier 2016-11-01

Deskripsi

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), causes irreversible disability in young adults but the cause and cure were unknown and it involves two arms: and causes demyelination and neurodegeneration. In the case of MS the massive activation of the immune system against putative CNS antigen leads to the loss of oligodendrocyte/myelin complex which slows down the impulse conduction in denuded axons. In demyelination diseases (e.g. MS) denuded axons frequently occur without axonal loss that is so characteristic of radiation injury. Since, the treatment strategies for MS have increased rapidly but still proper knowledge regarding the nature of MS cleared the way for several more specific, more effective, and more comfortable therapies. Here, because of the stimulating recent developments about oral treatment for MS, the current state of approved and future therapy options were summarized here. In particular, we highlight oral treatment options in MS and dalfampridine (4-aminopyridine) is an oral potassium channel blocker, which was recently approved by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for symptomatic treatment of MS, it acts at the central and peripheral nervous systems, enhances conduction in demyelinated axons, and improves the walking ability of MS patients. Moreover number of clinical trials has evaluated the safety and efficacy of fampridine in MS patients and it represents a major advance in symptomatic therapy for MS. The objective of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the Chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, preclinical and clinical studies, dosage and administration, side effects, contraindication, proper usage, and drug interaction of dalfampridine used in the treatment of MS patients.