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Isolation and Identification of Flavonoids from Black Cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i>) by HPLC-MS and In Silico Molecular Interactions of Their Major Compounds with <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Trypsin-like Serine Protease
oleh: Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Seham M. S. Abdel Aziz, A. I. Aboshady, Mervat A. R. Ibrahim, Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim, Muneefah Abdullah Alenezi, Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish, Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani, Nadi Awad Al-Harbi, Hadeer Darwish, Hany A. M. Srour
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-06-01 |
Deskripsi
<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> is one of the most harmful soil-borne pathogens that cause root rot, damping-off, and wilt disease in many plant species. Management of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> diseases is often by using many harmful and expensive chemical fungicides which have many harmful effects on the environment and human health. The current study was conducted to identify the chemical constituents of black cumin seeds’ methanolic extract and investigate the ability of the major constituents to inhibit the <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> trypsin-like serine protease, which play an important role in <i>F. oxysporun</i> pathogenicity. The HPLC-MS analysis of black cumin seeds’ methanolic extract revealed the presence of seven major compounds: amentoflavone, Procyanidin C2, Quercetin3-O-sophoroside-7-O-rhamnoside, 5,7-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyflavone, Borapetoside A, tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl (1-2)-b-D-glucopyranosyl] ester, and kudzusapongenol A-hexA-pen. The results of molecular docking between these compounds and the active site of <i>Fusarium oxysporium</i> trypsin showed that only four compounds were able to bind to the active site of <i>F. oxysporum</i> trypsin. Amentoflavone, 5,7-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyflavone, and Quercetin3-O-sophoroside-7-O-rhamnoside have the highest binding energy, −6.4, −6.5, and −6.5 Kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the results clarify that 5,7-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyflavone was the only compound to form a hydrogen bond with Asp189 (the residue responsible for substrate specificity). The results of the study strongly indicate that flavonoids of black cumin seeds’ methanolic extract could be used as effective inhibitors for the <i>F. oxysporum</i> trypsin-like serine protease.