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Facile Purification and Use of Tobamoviral Nanocarriers for Antibody-Mediated Display of a Two-Enzyme System
oleh: Tim Wendlandt, Claudia Koch, Beate Britz, Anke Liedek, Nora Schmidt, Stefan Werner, Yuri Gleba, Farnoosh Vahidpour, Melanie Welden, Arshak Poghossian, Michael J. Schöning, Fabian J. Eber, Holger Jeske, Christina Wege
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-09-01 |
Deskripsi
Immunosorbent turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) particles displaying the IgG-binding domains D and E of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> protein A (PA) on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TVCV<sub>PA</sub>) were purified from plants via optimized and new protocols. The latter used polyethylene glycol (PEG) raw precipitates, from which virions were selectively re-solubilized in reverse PEG concentration gradients. This procedure improved the integrity of both TVCV<sub>PA</sub> and the wild-type subgroup 3 tobamovirus. TVCV<sub>PA</sub> could be loaded with more than 500 IgGs per virion, which mediated the immunocapture of fluorescent dyes, GFP, and active enzymes. Bi-enzyme ensembles of cooperating glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were tethered together on the TVCV<sub>PA</sub> carriers via a single antibody type, with one enzyme conjugated chemically to its Fc region, and the other one bound as a target, yielding synthetic multi-enzyme complexes. In microtiter plates, the TVCV<sub>PA</sub>-displayed sugar-sensing system possessed a considerably increased reusability upon repeated testing, compared to the IgG-bound enzyme pair in the absence of the virus. A high coverage of the viral adapters was also achieved on Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> sensor chip surfaces coated with a polyelectrolyte interlayer, as a prerequisite for durable TVCV<sub>PA</sub>-assisted electrochemical biosensing via modularly IgG-assembled sensor enzymes.