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Based on the methods of literature survey, interview survey and questionnaire survey, this paper selects Xiaojin, Danba, Kangding, Luding, Puge and Butuo County as the survey sites of multi-ethnic areas in Sichuan Province. After obtaining the first-hand data and data of local dialect usage, family language habits and family economic conditions, it empirically analyzes the relationship between dialect diversity and economic income and comes to a conclusion that in the multi-ethnic areas of Sichuan Province, dialect diversity has a significant negative impact on the level of economic income. On the basis of deepening the understanding of the relevance between language and economy, this paper provides some reference for the government to carry out reasonable language planning in ethnic areas.