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The summer ichthyoplankton characteristics in the Laibin section of the Xijiang River were analyzed based on a survey during summer 2017. The ontogenetic structure and temporal patterns of ichthyoplankton and the correlation between environmental parameters and the temporal patterns were investigated. A total of 10,665 eggs and 447 larval belonging to four orders, ten families, and 28 species were collected. According to the flood regime, summer is divided into three periods (pre-flood, flood period, and post-flood). Ichthyoplankton proved to be heterogeneous between periods in summer with differences in the composition and abundance. The assemblages were distinguished by multiple analytical tools, and presented a chronological pattern of marked variability in composition of the species between the periods, and under the strong influence of flood. The assemblages were mainly represented by eggs of <i>S. wui Fang</i> and <i>S. robusta</i> in the pre-flood period, <i>S. argentatus</i> and <i>S. macrops</i> in the flood period, and <i>H. leucisculus</i> and <i>S. curriculus</i> in the post-flood period, while, the larval occurred mainly in the flood period. Understanding these temporal patterns of the upper course of the Xijiang River is useful for the recruitment of fish resources and conservation of fish community diversity.