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Background: Treatment of leishmaniasis is a challenge due to problems such as high price and dose of the drug, drug resistance and side effects. Objective: The study aims to introduce plants compounds, which their antileishmanial effects were approved in vivo conditions. Methods: This study as a review article was performed by searching the keywords of “medicinal plants with in vivo antileishmanial effects, nanocarrier, clinical trials, and mechanism of action” in the well-known databases to 2018. In this study, 14 medicinal plant compounds with antileishmanial effects were reviewed and mechanism of action and their in vivo therapeutic effect were evaluated. Results: It was found that while some of these compounds had low antileishmanial effects, their efficacy against leishmaniasis was significantly increased through loading into nanocarriers. Conclusion: This study indicated that active component of medicinal plants especially along with nano carriers can be of interest for the treatment of Leishmania.