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The Evaluation of Egg-Parasitic Fungi <i>Paraboeremia taiwanensis</i> and <i>Samsoniella</i> sp. for the Biological Control of <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> on Chinese Cabbage
oleh: Yu-Jie Liang, Hiran A. Ariyawansa, J. Ole Becker, Jiue-in Yang
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2020-05-01 |
Deskripsi
<i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i>, an aggressive plant-parasitic nematode, has been causing great yield loss worldwide in recent years. With no resistant Chinese cabbage cultivar available currently, a biological control strategy is needed to offer an eco-friendly option for sustainable farming. In this study, the nematode suppression efficacy of two newly isolated fungi, <i>Paraboeremia taiwanensis</i> and <i>Samsoniella</i> sp., were evaluated against <i>M. enterolobii</i> and compared to the known biological control agents <i>Hyalorbilia oviparasitica</i> strain DoUCR50 and <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> strain 251 (PL251). Both <i>P. taiwanensis</i> and <i>Samsoniella</i> sp. reduced 29–63% disease severity as effectively as the commercial product PL251 on Chinese cabbage in greenhouse trails. The in vitro egg infection rate was 47.83% by <i>P. taiwanensis</i> and 47.50% for <i>Samsoniella</i> sp., respectively. A special protocol for scanning electron microscope observation of the fungi-infected nematodes was established in this study, and the egg parasitism of the four fungi against <i>M. enterolobii</i> was further confirmed. For all fungi examined in this study, fungal hyphae were seen apparently penetrating into <i>M. enterolobii</i> eggs without destructive damage of the overall outer eggshell and the hyphae continued to grow within eggs after 6 days of infection. The results of this study imply a similar egg-parasitism mechanism for <i>P. taiwanensis</i>, <i>Samsoniella</i> sp., <i>H. oviparasitica</i> DoUCR50, and <i>P. lilacinum</i> PL251. It further enlightens the application potential of nematophagous fungi as biocontrol agents against plant-parasitic nematodes in vegetable crop management.