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<table style="height: 610px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="664" align="left"><tbody><tr><td height="610" align="left" valign="top"><p>The Slovak wine-growing region is divided into six viticulture areas. The largest in size and the most important over the centuries has been the Small Carpathian area (around 5800 ha of vineyards) spreads in the western of Slovakia. The objectives of this study were: to gain more knowledge about mycobiota on grapes originating from Slovakia, with a focus on genera <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Penicillium</em> and their ability to produce mycotoxins in <em>in vitro</em> conditions by thin layer chromatography method. From the twelve<strong> </strong>vineyards were collected 14 samples of wine grapes (white 6, blue 8) during harvesting 2011, 2012 and 2013. Fifty wine grapes per bunch (approximately 7-8 berries per plate) that showed no symptoms were randomly selected on Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar medium. The plates were then incubated aerobically at 25 &plusmn;1 &deg;C for 5 to 7 days in the dark. Of these samples were identified 22 genera. Ninety-three percent of samples were colonies by the genus <em>Penicillium</em> and 79% by the genus <em>Aspergillus</em>. During the survey, 251 isolates belonging to 14 <em>Penicillium</em> species (<em>P. aurantiogriseum, P. citrinum, P. coprophylum, P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. funiculosum, P. glabrum, P. griseofulvum, P. chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, P. polonicum, P. purpurogenum, P. roqueforti </em>and<em> P. thomii</em>) and 37 isolates belonging to 7 <em>Aspergillus</em> species (<em>A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. </em>section<em> Nigri, A. ostianus, A. parasiticus, A. versicolor </em>and<em> A. westerdijkiae</em>) were isolated and identified from exogenous contamination. The main occurring penicillium species of the samples were <em>P. chrysogenum</em> (36% Fr), followed <em>P. crustosum</em> (29% Fr), <em>P. griseofulvum</em> (21% Fr) and <em>P. expansum</em> (21% Fr). The main occurring aspergillus species of the samples were <em>A. </em>section<em> Nigri </em>(64%). Thirteen potentially toxigenic species were tested for their toxigenic ability. It was confirmed the production of various mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B₁, G₁, citrinin, griseofulvin, patulin, cyclopiazonic acid, penitrem A, roquefortin C and sterigmatocystin. Out of 124 strains, 84% produced at least one mycotoxin.</p></td></tr></tbody></table> <!--[endif] -->