Previous Humoral Immunity to the Endemic Seasonal Alphacoronaviruses NL63 and 229E Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 and Suggests Original Antigenic Sin
oleh: Daniele Focosi, Angelo Genoni, Ersilia Lucenteforte, Silvia Tillati, Antonio Tamborini, Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Lorenzo Azzi, Andreina Baj, Fabrizio Maggi
| Format: | Article |
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| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-04-01 |
Deskripsi
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection has been hypothesized. However, to date, there has been no in vitro or in vivo evidence supporting this. Cross-reactivity exists between SARS CoV-2 and other <i>Coronaviridae</i> for both cellular and humoral immunity. We show here that IgG against nucleocapsid protein of alphacoronavirus NL63 and 229E correlate with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) clinical severity score ≥ 5 (incidence rate ratios was 1.87 and 1.80, respectively, and 1.94 for the combination). These laboratory findings suggest possible ADE of SARS CoV-2 infection by previous alphacoronavirus immunity.