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The rapid development of wireless communication systems and the use of mobile phones by all categories of the population focuses the attention to the questions of the risks associated with the electromagnetic field exposure. Mobile devices, base stations for mobile communications, broadcasting transmitters, etc. produce high-frequency electromagnetic fields, which biological influence was intensively investigated, especially during the last decade. It is a common opinion in the existing literature that two groups of effects can be considered: thermal and non-thermal. There are clear evidences of the existence of thermal effects and a comprehensive overview of them is given in this paper. On the other hand, there are some contradictory reports regarding the existence of non-thermal effects caused by a long-term exposure to the low-level electromagnetic field, thus further research should give the right answers. Taking into account the possible effects of the high-frequency electromagnetic radiation is very important from the aspect of further work on the standards for exposure limits.