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Several observational studies have examined vitamin D pathway polymorphisms and their association with type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility, with inconclusive results. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing associations between selected variants affecting 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and T1D risk. We conducted a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science and OpenGWAS updated in April 2021. The following keywords “vitamin D” and/or “single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)” and “T1D” were selected to identify relevant articles. Seven SNPs (or their proxies) in six genes were analysed: <i>CYP2R1</i> rs10741657, <i>CYP2R1</i> (low frequency) rs117913124, <i>DHCR7/NADSYN1</i> rs12785878, <i>GC</i> rs3755967, <i>CYP24A1</i> rs17216707, <i>AMDHD1</i> rs10745742 and <i>SEC23A</i> rs8018720. Seven case-control and three cohort studies were eligible for quantitative synthesis (<i>n</i> = 10). Meta-analysis results suggested no association with T1D (range of pooled ORs for all SNPs: 0.97–1.02; <i>p</i> > 0.01). Heterogeneity was found in <i>DHCR7/NADSYN1</i> rs12785878 (I²: 64.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Sensitivity analysis showed exclusion of any single study did not alter the overall pooled effect. No association with T1D was observed among a Caucasian subgroup. In conclusion, the evidence from the meta-analysis indicates a null association between selected variants affecting serum 25(OH)D concentrations and T1D.