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Moso bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) is one of the fastest growing plants. Gibberellin (GA) is a key phytohormone regulating growth, but there are few studies on the growth of Moso bamboo regulated by GA. The <i>gibberellin 20 oxidase</i> (<i>GA20ox</i>) gene family was targeted in this study. Chromosomal distribution and collinearity analysis identified 10 <i>GA20ox</i> genes evenly distributed on chromosomes, and the family genes were relatively conservative in evolution. The genetic relationship of <i>GA20ox</i> genes had been confirmed to be closest in different genera of plants in a phylogenetic and selective pressure analysis between Moso bamboo and rice. About 1/3 <i>GA20ox</i> genes experienced positive selective pressure with segmental duplication being the main driver of gene family expansion. Analysis of expression patterns revealed that only six <i>PheGA20ox</i> genes were expressed in different organs of shoot development and flowers, that there was redundancy in gene function. Underground organs were not the main site of GA synthesis in Moso bamboo, and floral organs are involved in the GA biosynthesis process. The auxin signaling factor PheARF47 was located upstream of <i>PheGA20ox3</i> and <i>PheGA20ox6</i> genes, where PheARF47 regulated <i>PheGA20ox3</i> through cis-P box elements and cis-AuxRR elements, based on the result that promoter analysis combined with yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase detection analysis identified. Overall, we identified the evolutionary pattern of <i>PheGA20ox</i> genes in Moso bamboo and the possible major synthesis sites of GA, screened for key genes in the crosstalk between auxin and GA, and laid the foundation for further exploration of the synergistic regulation of growth by GA and auxin in Moso bamboo.