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Introduction: In type 2 diabetic and obese patients it is frequently difficult to achieve the goals of weight, blood pressure (BP), metabolic and lipid control with lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy and sometimes accomplished by bariatric surgery (BS). Objectives: To evaluate the metabolic effects of BS in a population of patients with DM and obesity in comparison with antidiabetics. Materials and methods: 105 patients with DM were evaluated, 55 underwent antidiabetic treatment (AD) and 50 underwent BS. Anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI), BP, hemogram, hepatogram, renal function, glycemia, HbA1c, lipidogram, triglycerides / HDL index (TG / HDL) and bone mineral metabolism were analyzed. Statistical analysis: Student’s and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests were applied. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated. Values expressed in average ± standard deviation. Significant p< 0,05.