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<p><strong>Objective</strong> To explore the rehabilitation effect of motor imagery therapy on cognitive function of stroke patients.  <strong>Methods </strong> A total of 99 stroke patients with mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (N = 33), cognitive training group (N = 33) and motor imagery training group (N = 33). All patients received conventional rehabilitation training. Before and after 8-week training, all subjects were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). At the same time, event-related potential (ERP) was examined to detect P300 latency and amplitude.   <strong>Results</strong> ompared with before training, MMSE (<em>P</em> = 0.000) and MoCA (<em>P</em> = 0.000) scores were significantly increased, P300 latency was shortened (<em>P</em> = 0.000) and P300 amplitude was increased (<em>P</em> = 0.000) in 3 groups after 8 - week training. There were significant differences among 3 groups on MMSE (<em>P</em> = 0.030) and MoCA (<em>P</em> = 0.013) scores, P300 latency (<em>P</em> = 0.004) and P300 amplitude (<em>P</em> = 0.009) before and after training. Among them, cognitive training group and motor imagery training group had significantly higher MMSE (<em>P</em> = 0.019, 0.021) and MoCA (<em>P</em> = 0.003, 0.031) scores, shorter P300 latency (<em>P</em> = 0.020, 0.003) and higher P300 amplitude (<em>P</em> = 0.003, 0.002) than control group.  <strong>Conclusions </strong> Motor imagery training can not only improve motor function of stroke patients, but also improve their cognitive function.</p><p> </p><p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.06.005</p>