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Protein Supplementation during Mid-Gestation Alters the Amino Acid Patterns, Hepatic Metabolism, and Maternal Skeletal Muscle Turnover of Pregnant Zebu Beef Cows
oleh: Javier Andrés Moreno Meneses, Karolina Batista Nascimento, Matheus Castilho Galvão, German Darío Ramírez-Zamudio, Tathyane Ramalho Santos Gionbelli, Marcio Machado Ladeira, Marcio de Souza Duarte, Daniel Rume Casagrande, Mateus Pies Gionbelli
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-12-01 |
Deskripsi
From 100 to 200 days of gestation, 52 cows carrying male (<i>n</i> = 30) or female (<i>n</i> = 22) fetuses were assigned to CON (basal diet—5.5% of CP, <i>n</i> = 26) or SUP (basal diet + protein supplement [40% CP, 3.5 g/kg BW]—12% of CP, <i>n</i> = 26) treatments. Glucose concentrations decreased at 200 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01; CON = 46.9 and SUP = 54.7 mg/dL) and 270 days (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05; CON = 48.4 and SUP = 53.3 mg/dL) for CON compared to SUP. The same pattern occurred for insulin (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). At parturition, the NEFA concentration was greater (<i>p</i> = 0.01, 0.10 vs. 0.08 mmol/L) for CON than for SUP. Total AA increased in SUP (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.03) at mid- and late-gestation compared to CON. At 200 days, CON dams carrying females had less essential AA (<i>p</i> = 0.01) than cows carrying males. The SUP dams had greater expressions of protein synthesis markers, namely <i>eIf4E</i> and <i>GSK3β</i> (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04), at day 200 and of <i>MuFR1</i> (protein degradation marker, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) at parturition. Supplemented cows had higher hepatic pyruvate carboxylase expressions (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Therefore, PS alleviates the restriction overload on maternal metabolism.