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BaCO3 powders have been successfully synthesized by the microwave homogeneous precipitation method, using BaCl2 · 2H2O, NaOH and (NH2)2CO as raw materials with variety of different guide reagents. The phases and morphologies of raw materials after microwave homogeneous precipitation were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results showed that 85°C of reaction temperature, 2 h of reaction time, 0.8 mol/L of Ba2+ concentration, 2.5 of amount of sodium hydroxide and 6 of amount of urea were used in the further research work, and the optimum conditions for preparation of BaCO3 powders were obtained. The XRD results show that the well-crystallized BaCO3 powder synthesized has an orthorhombic unit cell. The characterization results show that different guide reagents play a significant role in determining uniform morphology of products. Based on the mentioned results, microwave homogeneous precipitation method can be applied effectively and efficiently for preparing BaCO3 powders.