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In order to optimize crop production and mitigate the adverse impacts associated with the utilization of chemical agents, it is necessary to explore new biocontrol agents. <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> has been widely studied as a biocontrol agent because of its efficient and ecofriendly plant disease control mechanisms. This study shows that the strain ZN-S10 effectively reduces the area of leaf spots caused by the pathogen <i>Colletotrichum changpingense</i> ZAFU0163-1, which affects conidia production and germination, inhibits mycelium growth, and induces mycelium deformation. In antifungal experiments with crude extracts, we observed a delay in the cell cycle of conidia, which may be responsible for the inhibition of conidial germination. Among the bioactive metabolites detected through integrated LC-MS- and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics, 7-O-Succinyl macrolactin A, telocinobufagin, and surfactin A may be the main antifungal metabolites of strain ZN-S10. The presence of 7-O-Succinyl macrolactin A could explain the cell damage in germ tubes. This is the first report of telocinobufagin detected in <i>B. velezensis</i>. These results are significant for understanding the inhibitory mechanisms employed by <i>B. velezensis</i> and should serve as a reference in the production of biocontrol agents.