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In this study, <i>Magnolia citrata</i> Noot and Chalermglin (Magnoliaceae) essential oil (MCEO) was evaluated for insecticidal activity against the yellow fever mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and attractant activity for the Mediterranean fruit fly <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>. The leaves of <i>Magnolia citrata</i> (Giổi chanh) were collected from northwestern Vietnam, and the water-distilled MCEO was analyzed by gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of MCEO were identified as linalool 19%, geranial 16%, citronellal 14%, neral 14%, and sabinene 12%. MCEO showed 100% mortality at 1 μg/μL against 1st instar larvae of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> (Orlando strain, ORL), and the oil exhibited 54% (ORL) and 68% (Puerto Rico strain) mortality at 5 μg/mosquito against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> adult females. Initial screens showed that MCEO had weak insecticidal activity compared to the positive control permethrin. In bioassays with sterile male <i>C. capitata</i>, MCEO exhibited moderately strong attraction, comparable to that observed with a positive control, <i>Tetradenia riparia</i> essential oil (TREO). Herein, the insecticidal and attractant activities of MCEO are reported for the first time.