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Background Despite recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) prevention, a fast, safe, and effective vaccine will probably be necessary to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This study was conducted to evaluate global research trends and map the key bibliometric indices in HIV-1 genetic diversity from 1998 to 2021. Methods A comprehensive online search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database to retrieve published literature on HIV-1 genetic diversity. Key bibliometric indicators were calculated and evaluated using HistCiteTM, Bibliometrix: An R-tool, and VOSviewer software for windows. Results A total of 2,060 documents written by 9,201 authors and published in 250 journals were included in the final analysis. Year 2012 was the most productive year with 121 (5.87%) publications. The most prolific author was Shao Yiming (n = 74, 3.59%) from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The United States of America was the highly contributing and influential country (n = 681, 33.05%). AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses was the most productive journal (n = 562, 27.2%). Network visualization shows that HIV-1 was the most widely used author keyword. Conclusion This study provides global research trends and detailed information on HIV-1 genetic diversity. The amount of scientific literature on HIV-1 genetic diversity research has rapidly increased in the last two decades. The maximum number of articles on HIV-1 genetic diversity was published in developed countries; therefore, a scientific research collaboration among researchers and institutes in low-income countries should be promoted and supported.