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In Brazil, the Whitespotted Eagle Ray <i>Aetobatus narinari</i> is considered data-deficient due to the scarcity of basic information on its biology, ecology, and vulnerability to capture. Despite this, the species is caught by artisanal fishing along most of the coast, especially in the northeast of Brazil. This study analyzed mitochondrial DNA data in specimens of <i>A. narinari</i> caught by artisanal fishing in the northeast coast of Brazil to understand their population structure. For this, 42 individuals were sequenced at three mitochondrial genes: cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4). Concatenated COI-Cytb-ND4 sequences yielded 14 haplotypes, with moderate haplotype diversity (h = 0.646), low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00087), and low fixation index Φ<i>ST</i> values, indicating no population structure. Our results suggest that there is only one population of <i>A. narinari</i> in the study area. Genetic studies can contribute to improving management plans in these areas, avoiding the overexploitation of this and other species.