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The estuary is the transition zone between the river and the marine ecosystem. The terrestrial ecological sensitive factors entering the sea will greatly affect the ecological status of the coastal waters. Therefore, monitoring of ecologically sensitive factors entering the sea is an important basis for coastal ecological protection and ecological disaster prevention and mitigation, and is also a key part of promoting the sustainable development of the marine economy. However, the establishment of the ecological early warning and monitoring system for the estuary in China is still in its infancy, and there is still a big gap between it and developed countries. This paper started with the impact of the ecological status of the estuary on the health of the marine ecosystem, summarized the development process, construction and application direction of the marine ecological early warning and monitoring technology in the estuary at home and abroad, and deeply discussed the ecological significance of building ecological early warning monitoring stations in the estuary and system development direction.