The Immunological Profile of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells after Cell Expansion and Inflammatory Priming

oleh: Karolien Buyl, Makram Merimi, Robim M. Rodrigues, Saida Rahmani, Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan, Fatima Bouhtit, Noureddine Boukhatem, Tamara Vanhaecke, Hassan Fahmi, Joery De Kock, Mehdi Najar

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2024-07-01

Deskripsi

Background: AT-MSCs display great immunoregulatory features, making them potential candidates for cell-based therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the “RBC lysis buffer” isolation protocol and immunological profiling of the so-obtained AT-MSCs. Methods: We established an immune-comparative screening of AT-MSCs throughout in vitro cell expansion (PM, P1, P2, P3, P4) and inflammatory priming regarding the expression of 28 cell-surface markers, 6 cytokines/chemokines, and 10 TLR patterns. Findings: AT-MSCs were highly expandable and sensitive to microenvironment challenges, hereby showing plasticity in distinct expression profiles. Both cell expansion and inflammation differentially modulated the expression profile of CD34, HLA-DR, CD40, CD62L, CD200 and CD155, CD252, CD54, CD58, CD106, CD274 and CD112. Inflammation resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the cytokines <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-8</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-1Ra</i>, <i>CCL5</i>, and <i>TNFα</i>. Depending on the culture conditions, the expression of the TLR pattern was distinctively altered with <i>TLR1–4</i>, <i>TLR7</i>, and <i>TLR10</i> being increased, whereas <i>TLR6</i> was downregulated. Protein network and functional enrichment analysis showed that several trophic and immune responses are likely linked to these immunological changes. Conclusions: AT-MSCs may sense and actively respond to tissue challenges by modulating distinct and specific pathways to create an appropriate immuno-reparative environment. These mechanisms need to be further characterized to identify and assess a molecular target that can enhance or impede the therapeutic ability of AT-MSCs, which therefore will help improve the quality, safety, and efficacy of the therapeutic strategy.