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Monitoring of Non-β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance-Associated Genes in ESBL Producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> Isolates
oleh: Pottathil Shinu, Rajesh Bareja, Anroop B. Nair, Vashishth Mishra, Snawar Hussain, Katharigatta N. Venugopala, Nagaraja Sreeharsha, Mahesh Attimarad, Sahibzada Tasleem Rasool
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2020-12-01 |
Deskripsi
Genetic context of extended spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> and its association with plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AME) and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance is little known from North India. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the frequency of Non-β-Lactam antibiotic resistance associated genes in extended spectrum β-Lactamase producing <i>Enterobacterales</i>. For this study, Non-Duplicate phenotypically confirmed ESBL producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> isolates (N = 186) were analyzed for ESBLs, PMQRs, AMEs and TMP-SMX resistance genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR detected presence of PMQR genes in 81.29% (N = 139) of ESBL isolates (N = 171), AME genes in 60.82% and TMP-SMX resistance genes in 63.74% of the isolates. Molecular characterization of ESBL producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> showed 84.79% <i>bla<sub>TEM</sub></i> followed by 73.68% <i>bla<sub>CTX-M</sub></i>, 43.86% <i>bla<sub>SHV</sub></i>, 19.88% <i>bla<sub>PER</sub> and</i> 9.94% <i>bla<sub>VEB</sub></i>, respectively. Analysis of PMQR genes revealed 77.7% <i>aac(6′)-lb-cr</i> the most commonly detected gene followed by 67.63% <i>oqxB</i>, 62.59% <i>oqxA,</i> 43.17% <i>qnrB</i>, 19.42% <i>qnrD,</i> 18.7% <i>qnrS</i>, 9.35% <i>qnrA</i>, 3.6% <i>qepA</i> and 2.88% <i>qnrC</i>, respectively. Analysis of AMEs gene profile demonstrated 81.73% <i>aac(6′)-Ib</i>, the most frequently encountered gene followed by 46.15% <i>aph(3′)-Ia,</i> 44.23% <i>ant(3”)-Ia,</i> respectively. A 100% prevalence of <i>sul1,</i> followed by <i>dfrA</i> (54.63%) and <i>sul2</i> (15.74%) was observed. In summary, prevalence of ESBL-Producing genes (particularly <i>bla<sub>TEM</sub></i> and <i>bla<sub>CTX-M</sub></i>) along with PMQR, AMEs, and TMP-SMX resistant genes may potentially aid in the transfer of antimicrobial resistance among these strains.