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Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in Iran. Self-care is one of the most effective non pharmacological interventions for controlling the effects of the disease and the side-effects of drugs. An educational intervention based on Pender’s health promotion model, which predicts health behaviours and self-care, can be implemented. Aim: To investigate the effect of an educational intervention based on Pender’s health promotion model on improving selfcare behaviours among patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Omid and Imam Reza Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran from June to August 2021. A total of 160 participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=80) and the control group (n=80). The experimental group received four self-care education sessions (two sessions by a nurse and two sessions by peers), while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using a questionnaire before, immediately after, and three months after the educational intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t-test and Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RMANOVA). Results: The study included 103 male patients (64.4%) and 57 female patients (35.6%). At one month and three months after the intervention, the scores for awareness, attitude, behaviour, and the constructs of Pender’s health promotion model (self-efficacy, perceived social support, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived emotions) significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the educational intervention based on Pender’s health promotion model effectively promotes self-care behaviours among patients with colorectal cancer.