Hyperacidification of Vacuoles by the Combined Action of Two Different P-ATPases in the Tonoplast Determines Flower Color
oleh: Marianna Faraco, Cornelis Spelt, Mattijs Bliek, Walter Verweij, Atsushi Hoshino, Luca Espen, Bhakti Prinsi, Rinse Jaarsma, Eray Tarhan, Albertus H. de Boer, Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano, Ronald Koes, Francesca M. Quattrocchio
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | Elsevier 2014-01-01 |
Deskripsi
The acidification of endomembrane compartments is essential for enzyme activities, sorting, trafficking, and trans-membrane transport of various compounds. Vacuoles are mildly acidic in most plant cells because of the action of V-ATPase and/or pyrophosphatase proton pumps but are hyperacidified in specific cells by mechanisms that remained unclear. Here, we show that the blue petal color of petunia ph mutants is due to a failure to hyperacidify vacuoles. We report that PH1 encodes a P3B-ATPase, hitherto known as Mg2+ transporters in bacteria only, that resides in the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast). In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance and genetic data show that PH1 is required and, together with the tonoplast H+ P3A-ATPase PH5, sufficient to hyperacidify vacuoles. PH1 has no H+ transport activity on its own but can physically interact with PH5 and boost PH5 H+ transport activity. Hence, the hyperacidification of vacuoles in petals, and possibly other tissues, relies on a heteromeric P-ATPase pump.