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In order to explore the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the decomposition and nutrient cycling characteristics of <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> (Lamb.) Hook litter, we collected material from <i>C. lanceolata</i> in a middle-aged forest (16 years) and over-mature forest (49 years). Four different UV-B radiation enhancement gradient treatments of CK, CK + 30 uw/cm² (T1), CK + 45 uw/cm² (T2), and CK + 60 uw/cm² (T3), with natural light (CK) as the baseline, were conducted to determine the impact of UV-B radiation indoor simulation enhancement on the litter decomposition and nutrient release of <i>C. lanceolata</i> at various developmental stages. The results indicate that UV-B radiation increases the dry weight decomposition rate and the nutrient decomposition rate of <i>C. lanceolata</i> litter, and the decomposition rate of <i>C. lanceolata</i> litter in an over-mature forest is always greater than that in a middle-aged forest litter, with observable influences on its chemical composition. Such changes significantly alter the nutrient release pattern of N, P, and K in litter in middle-aged forests and N in litter from over-mature forests, and promote the release of C, which may affect the nutrient cycle and carbon sink function of <i>C. lanceolata</i> plantations.