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[Objective] The high-quality development of tourism is closely related to Common Prosperity. It is of great significance to clarify the interaction between the two to promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s tourism industry and reaching the goal of Common Prosperity. [Methods] In this study, the improved entropy method was used to measure the high-quality development of tourism and the level of Common Prosperity. The coupling and coordination degree of high-quality tourism development and Common Prosperity was then analyzed. Finally, the PVAR Model was used to explore the interactive response relationship between high-quality development of tourism and Common Prosperity. [Results] The results show that: (1) The level of high-quality development of tourism and Common Prosperity showed a stable upward trend, but the growth rateZ was low and there existed spatial differences during 2010 to 2019. (2) The coupling and coordination degree of high-quality development of tourism and Common Prosperity showed a gradual progress from basic coordination to moderate coordination, showing a pattern of east > central > west. (3) There was a positive interaction between the high-quality development of tourism and Common Prosperity, and there exited differences between long-term and short-term effects of the two. In the short term, the magnitude of their mutual influence was greater; in the long term, the two are more influenced by their own development. [Conclusion] The level of high-quality tourism development of China and Common Prosperity are generally on the rise. However, there existed a certain gap in the development of various regions. So, targeted measures should be taken to improve the situation according to the characteristics of regional development.