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Currently, there is a significant  interest among individuals in the field of bioimaging and detection. Nanostructure-based biosensors have emerged as a superior method for detecting substances due to their unique properties, which enable them to efficiently locate minute quantities of substances.  Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) outperform conventional quantum dots due to their solubility, reduced toxicity, and simplified production process. These attributes make CQDs highly valuable and hold immense potential for medical applications. CQDs are extremely small structures, measuring less than 10 nm in all dimensions. These materials possess exceptional characteristics, such as compatibility with living tissues and the ability to emit light, making them ideal for medical imaging purposes. This review explores the recent advancements in bioimaging utilizing CQDs, delving into their properties, challenges, and future possibilities for further study. As a result, CQDs have gained popularity as a viable option for various medical applications, including drug delivery, gene therapy, light-responsive substances, and antibacterial agents. The review also discusses ongoing efforts to enhance these nanomaterials for improved imaging within the body, efficient drug delivery, and cancer treatment. In summary, this article investigates the latest progress in bioimaging using CQDs and presents insights into surface modification, characteristics, obstacles, and future prospects. Consequently, CQDs have garnered significant attention in diverse bio applications, ranging from nanosystems to brain tumor treatment and bioimaging.