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The theme throughout the process of institutional construction of marine special protected areas is based on the development of protection and the protection coordinated with development. This theme shifted between the two endpoints of protection and development in practice, which had not realized the original intention of institutional design, and had undergone institutional changed due to the reform of institutional mechanisms. In the new era, the marine nature park system and the marine nature protected areas system superseded the marine special protected areas system, and cooperated with the marine ecological protection red line system and other related systems, to jointly promote the classification and zoning control of marine nature reserves.