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It is necessary to provide technical reserves and path guidance for China's carbon neutral strategy, and study the rules of carbon emissions during high-speed rail operation. By comparing the carbon emission coefficient of different kinds of electric power at present, the appropriate carbon emission coefficient of electric power is selected to calculate the carbon emission. In high-speed railway, the boundary of traction power supply system is defined and the carbon emission calculation model of railway traction power supply system is established. The relationship between passenger transport turnover and traction carbon emission is analysed. The new theory is established, which is the decoupling of transport turnover, used in the "H" High-speed Rail. The data of 48 months from the year 2013 to 2016 were calculated and analysed. The indicator -- kgCO2/(per·km) of carbon emissions per passenger turnover appeared to be meaningful for the future, that the average value is 0.037935, the standard deviation is 0.013791. The decoupling model shows the relationship between the growth rate of carbon emissions and the growth rate of turnover about "H" High-speed Rail in different months. It is obvious that April is the best whose increased turnover will not lead to increased carbon emissions; meanwhile, November is the worst.