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Abstract Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) accounts for about half of all post- kidney transplant infections. There is conflicting data regarding vitamin C and UTI prevention. So far, its efficacy has not been studied in renal transplant patients. Methods Kidney transplant candidates were randomized between vitamin C and placebo arms. In the treatment group, patients received vitamin C infusion at a single dose of 70 mg/kg. In another study arm, only the diluent solution was administered. Data regarding bacteriuria during the first hospitalization after transplantation were recorded. Results A total of 19 patients were randomized to the placebo (n = 10) and vitamin C (n = 9) group. The rate of bacteriuria during the first hospitalization after transplantation was significantly lower in the vitamin C group than in the placebo group, 11.1% versus 60%, respectively. (P = 0.02). Conclusion Vitamin C as a safe treatment is a potential prophylactic agent in post kidney transplantation UTI.