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Objective:This study aims to evaluate the effects of melatonin supplementation on the physical and physiological performance following total night sleep deprivation in trained young males.Materials and Methods:Ten trained young males (23.4±1.71 years, 23.96±1.63 kg/m2) participated in four sessions (sessions 1 and 2, nightly habitual sleep; sessions 3 and 4, total night sleep deprivation). Then, using the double-blind design, subjects were divided into two groups of who took melatonin supplement (10 mg) and placebo, respectively. The subjects were tested by the implementation of the sleep protocol. Then, they consumed the supplement and waited for 30-45 min for secondary measurements. In each measurement, physical and physiological performances were evaluated.Results:Total night sleep deprivation application resulted in a significant decrease in the salivary level of melatonin and impairment in static and dynamic balance, auditory reaction time, jump, upper body, lower body and handgrip strength performance (p<0.05). The melatonin supplementation significantly decreased the salivary level of the melatonin (p<0.05). The supplementation significantly improved the static and dynamic balance, but it significantly impaired the auditory reaction time (p<0.05). The melatonin supplementation also significantly decreased the heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05).Conclusion:The melatonin supplementation following total night sleep deprivation increased the salivary level of melatonin and reduced HR and blood pressure. Additionally, for athletes whose balance is the main factor of their success, melatonin may be beneficial following total night sleep deprivation.