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The archaeology of the Napo River initially became known through the pioneering work of Clifford Evans and Betty Meggers in Ecuador. These investigations led to the formulation of a ceramic sequence that continues to be the backbone of archaeological understandings in the region. During the last decades, however, new archaeological data have refined our understanding of the precolonial process of human occupation in the region. These data comprise, observations derived from collecting activity of missionaries, new information produced through contract archaeology in Ecuador, and recent archaeological survey data from the Peruvian territory of the basin, among others. In this article we summarize these archaeological observations, discuss techno-stylistic aspects of the archaeological ceramics of the region, present new archaeological evidence suggesting Napo phase occupations existed along the entire lowland Napo river, and assess the current state of our knowledge on precolonial occupations of the Napo River basin.