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It has been well-documented that the dietary supplementation of <i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i> could improve piglet performance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> C-3102 spores as a probiotic feed supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, intestinal microbiota, and excreta odor contents in weanling piglets. A total of 150 crossed ((Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc) weanling piglets (28-days-old), with an average initial body weight of 7.53 ± 1.23 kg, were divided into two treatment groups according to sex and initial body weight (BW) for a 6-week experiment. In each group, fifteen replicate pens consisting of five piglets per pen (three gilts and two barrows) were used in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of (1) CON, a basal diet; (2) BSC, a diet of CON + 300 g <i>Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)</i> C-3102 spores per ton of feed. Supplementation with the <i>B. subtilis</i> C-3102 spores in the diet increased the BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) throughout the whole trial (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Weanling piglets that were fed <i>B. subtilis</i> C-3102 spores had increased dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and energy (E) digestibility compared to the CON group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Lower diarrhea scores were observed in the <i>B. subtilis</i> C-3102 spores group on Day 7 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that dietary supplementation with <i>B. subtilis</i> C-3102 spores could benefit the BW, ADG, and G:F of weanling piglets and improve the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the DM, CP, and E.