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DSRP Theory is now over 25 years old with more empirical evidence supporting it than any other systems thinking framework. Yet, it is often misunderstood and described in ways that are inaccurate. DSRP Theory describes four <i>patterns</i> and their underlying <i>elements</i>—identity (<i>i</i>) and other (<i>o</i>) for Distinctions (<i>D</i>), part (<i>p</i>) and whole (<i>w</i>) for Systems (<i>S</i>), action (<i>a</i>) and reaction (<i>r</i>) for Relationships (<i>R</i>), and point (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ρ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and view (<i>v</i>) for Perspectives (<i>P</i>)—that are universal in both cognitive complexity (mind) and material complexity (nature). DSRP Theory provides a basis for systems thinking or cognitive complexity as well as material complexity (systems science). This paper, as a relatively short primer on the theory, provides clarity to those wanting to understand DSRP and its implications.