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Pantothenate kinase ⁃ associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a major form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation or NBIA (formerly called Hallervorden ⁃ Spatz syndrome). NBIA is caused by altered neuronal mitochondrial lipid metabolism caused by PANK2 mutations disrupting PANK2 protein levels and catalytic activity and by disrupting maturation and stability of the mitochondrially targeted protein. In this article, we will review advances in inherited and clinical research of PKAN. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.03.024