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Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can achieve light transmission beyond the diffraction limit due to their special dispersion relationship. As a novel two-dimensional material, graphene has attracted extensive attention in recent years because of its unique band structure, excellent electronic and optical properties, and ability to support SPPs transmission on its surface. Graphene surface plasmon polaritons (GSPPs) are characterized by high carrier mobility, strong localization, low consumption and high tunability. It has functional and future applications in the transmission of optical knowledge, photodetectors, surface plasmon waveguides, metamaterials and nanolasers.