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The paper identifies the main factors that influence unemployment in Romania based on achieving an econometric model. In terms of the labor market, unemployment is a macroeconomic employment opposite, representing a surplus working population relative to the population likely to be engaged in viable conditions imposed by the market. Unemployment became a problem, with industrial development, since the second half of the eighteenth century, in times of recession, when industrial companies shrinking their production and, therefore, issued a significant number of workers who became unemployed . In Romania, unemployment has its origin in part, and changes in the structure of the national economy, the criterion of efficiency, in order to adapt to the competitive environment.